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Carrosserie Graber
Hermann Graber / Wichtrach (Switzerland)

This story starts with Panhard-Levassor 20 CV. With its brilliantly designed and finished coachwork it gained first place at the 1929 Concours d'Elegance in the fashionable St. Moritz in Switzerland. A 25 year old master craftsman - Hermann Graber from Wichtrach in Switzerland - had created the body and brought the car to St. Moritz and with its success he achieved valuable publicity. A mere two years previously he had built his first cabriolet-body as an independent coachbuilder. In 1927 a Fiat 508 had been coachbuilt. This story could have started with Fiat. It testifies to the outstanding quality of the young man's work, that within two years his ability was so highly considered, that he was placed at the top against strong competition.

The basis for this was a sensitivity for highly elegant and well balanced lines in combination with perfect craftsmanship and accepting nothing else than carefully selected material. Hermann Graber followed these criteria all his lifetime - and it maintained his success. Born in 1904 he grew up during a time when the relation between men and the automobile in Switzerland was an extremely difficult one. For example it is but a fact, that until 1928 in the county of Graubünden laws existed which didn't permit the use of an automobile at all...

Hermann Graber followed his father's tradition and became a coachbuilder, mainly for horsedrawn vehicles. He devoted himself to motorcar bodies after several journeys to foreign countries. Against much resistance, in Switzerland, he became successful as an independent coachbuilder in what can only be considered as a relatively short time.

The majority of his creations were produced for the chassis of French or Italian vehicles, from time to time a body was build for a German or an American upper crust motor car. Surprisingly it is often said that only after WWII was the first body erected on British chassis. It is said that the first English automobile with coachwork by Graber has been a 1949 Rover, finished as a four-seater cabriolet in 1950.


Rolls-Royce 20 H.P., 1926, #GZK58, Tourer by Gangloff (CH)
(Photo courtesy of Swiss Transport Museum, Luzern)

However, at least one Rolls-Royce was bodied by Graber even before WWII. A 1926 Rolls-Royce 20 H.P., chassis-no *GZK58* had started life as a tourer by Gangloff (CH) and became the subject of re-bodying as a two door cabriolet by Graber in 1933. This is now the property of the Verkehrshaus der Schweiz (National Motor Museum of Switzerland) in Luzern. But it is not to be found there on permanent exhibition: most of its life is now spent stored in a cellar. Mr. Neher, who had ordered the body for the Rolls-Royce must have been very satisfied with Graber's work.


Rolls-Royce 20 H.P., 1926, #GZK58, rebodied 1933 by Graber (CH)
(Photo courtesy of Swiss Transport Museum, Luzern)

About a year later he purchased a new Bentley 3 1/2 Litre, chassis-no #B149BL and had a cabriolet body for this one built by Graber too.


Of significant importance however is that Graber built coachwork for no less than 32 Bentleys of the post-war period - and recently found photos of an additional 1952 Bentley Mark VI might indicate, that he built at least even 33. This figure is a higher one than could be claimed for this time by such well-known coachbuilders like Gurney Nutting or Vanden Plas. Of all non-British coachbuilders, who built bodies for Rolls-Royce and Bentley during the post-war period, Graber was the most successful! Curiously most advertisements offering a Bentley with a Graber-body usually state "one-off" or "unique". It should be said that this is not completely true. It might be a fact however, that the Graber name is scarcely a household word, one known largely to connoisseurs.


Bentley Mark VI, 1947, #B134BH, Graber dhc
Bentley Mark VI, 1947, #B134BH, Graber drophead coupe

Work started on the first Bentley Mark VI Cabriolet by Graber in February 1947. Three further examples were finished in the course of the same year. His first Bentley Mark VI was one of the very first models, the chassis had been delivered from the factory in Crewe to the London depot Lillie Hall in November 1946. The very first Bentley Mark VI chassis had been delivered only a few months previously. Rolls-Royce's Swiss retailer in Berne was Bellevue Garage AG. On later cars' chassis cards the retailer S.A. du Garage de`L Athenee in Geneve was to be found. Interrupted sometimes by long gaps Bentley R, S1, S1 Continental and S3 Continental received coachwork by Graber. All were two door, drop head coupes (cabriolets respectively) or two door fixed head coupes. With the exception of few `two' seaters they offered space for four passengers.

Bentley MK VI, 1947, #B190BH, Graber Coupe
Bentley Mark VI, 1947, #B190BH, Graber fixed head coupe

Graber LogoCommon feature of all Graber bodies was that they had been tailored to suit customers' demands perfectly; and as regards the quality there was no compromise. Some clients' wishes had to be dealt with even before chassis with engine was sent from England to Switzerland. The Bentley R Continental with chassis-no. *BC77C* for example was fitted with a standard-gearbox at the factory following the customer's order who disliked the ratios of the Continental-gearbox. Alterations or additions of minor character were noted on almost all Bentley chassis-cards destined for Graber: speedometer in kilometres, double filament headlamp bulbs and quite often a plain radiator cap in addition to the standard one. Might this be a hint that in safe Switzerland, owners by fixing a plain cap to the radiator, wanted to make sure that their precious mascot would not be stolen?


A second Swiss coachbuilder had a hand in altering a drop head coupe by Graber. Mr. Stürm of Muttenz had been Graber's loyal customer with regular orders for drop head coupes. Starting after WWII with an elegant Delahaye he had then ordered a 1952 Bentley Mark VI and this one was followed by a Bentley R Continental, chassis-no #BC68D. He found however that in cold or wet conditions driving was not too pleasant as the minimum size rear light spoiled visibility. He asked Hermann Graber to alter the drop head coupe into fixed head coupe by adding a hard top. Graber blankly refused to alter his creation! As Mr. Stürm was not a man to accept this he went straight ahead to the Basel-based coachbuilder Walter Köng and ordered the work to be done there. When Graber learned about this decision he changed his mind and provided Walter Köng with drawings for the work to be carried out. It all ended by Köng's work showing lines familiar from Graber's Alvis Coupes - and with a very satisfied customer, whose son still owns the beautiful Bentley Continental.

Bentley R Contintal, 1955, #BC68D
Bentley R Contin
ental, 1955, #BC68D, originally drophead coupe by Graber this body was altered by Köng of Basel into a fixed head coupe.
(Photo courtesy of Caspar F.V. Stürm, Muttenz)

Bentley motor cars were high-class as regards quality and price, and this limited the number of potential buyers. Hermann Graber believed that his pre-war contacts with French manufacturers like Delahaye, Talbot-Lago etc., which he had pursued again after the hostilities ended, didn't offer sound basis for future cooperation. Actually of these companies none survived for reasonable time as manufacturers of motor cars.

At about this time he decided to co-operate with the English company Alvis. In 1952 he had bought six Alvis TA21 chassis from the Coventry-based company. One of these fitted with a saloon body was a star at the 1953 Geneva Show. A sister Alvis, but this time drop head coupe, was the attraction of the following year's Geneva Show. All in all some 150 Swiss-bodied Alvis resulted from the contact between the coachbuilder from the Alpine republic and the manufacturer from the United Kingdom. Although Graber arranged for contract to become Alvis' general agent for Switzerland, he continued to build coachwork for Aston-Martin, Bentley, Lagonda and Rover.

His connection with Alvis however leads on winding paths to a remarkable influence as regards features in the design of several Bentley Continental, whose bodies were built at Park Ward. In an attempt to push sales figures Alvis had arranged for design drawings and wooden body formers of the 1956/57 Graber coachwork to be copied or taken over; and then contracted the English company Willowbrook to produce bodies. Willowbrook however had miscalculated badly and almost immediately faced severe financial difficulties. Production there stopped after only 16 bodies had been built.

One and a half year later the problem was solved by Alvis and the car was offered with but slightly altered coachwork. This body was produced by Park Ward! Park Ward had taken over the basic lines of the Graber-design. The new version by Park Ward having been lengthened offered more room for rear seat passengers and a more spacious boot. Some of these Alvis, which were less expensive than the still available original Graber-bodied ones, were even sold by Hermann Graber`s agency. Rolls-Royce's archive contained photos taken at the Park Ward factory in 1959 showing Rolls-Royce and Alvis side by side with special coachwork in different stages of completion.

Bentley Mark VI, 1947, #B136BH, Graber dhc
Bentley Mark VI, 1947, #B136BH, Graber drophead coupe
(Photo courtesy of Dr. Vladimir Bär)

Knowing about this connection there remains no mystery as to why some Bentley Continental with coachwork by Park Ward seem quite closely related to Graber-style from outward appearance. After all at Park Ward panels were beaten on those wooden body formers, which had been made for Graber's coachwork. Mulliner Park Ward's documents have been handed over to the Hunt House in Paulerspury, headquarter of the Rolls-Royce Enthusiasts' Club, about two or three years ago. Possibly some more surprising information might be gained from detailed study there.

What has been found as information from a Swiss source sounds rather strange. Hermann Graber was accused to have been really harsh in his attitude to women in general. This went so far that he estimated any gallant gentleman to waste his time by kindly opening the door to the passenger's seat - and he blocked this by arranging that on most of his cars the offside door couldn't be opened from outside. The driver had to enter his car and reach over to the inner handle for opening. This might explain why Graber's widow is said to have ordered all wooden body formers that were left to be destroyed by fire after only a short time had passed since her husband's death.

Hermann Graber died at the age of 66 on 24th August 1970. The results of his outstanding skill, to build beautiful coachwork for Bentley motor cars, survive their creator not only in the form of products by Carrosserie Graber but also by those whose design was influenced to a remarkable degree by the Swiss coachbuilder.


Rolls-Royce 20 H.P.
Delivered Chassis-No. Type of Coachwork
1933   GZK58 ++   dhc (re-bodied, original coachwork had been tourer by Gangloff) 
Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud I
1956 LSWA30 ++ dhc
       
Bentley 3 1/2 Litre
Delivered   Chassis-No. Type of Coachwork
1/34 B149BL ++ dhc
Bentley Mark VI
Delivered  Chassis-No Type of Coachwork
11/1946 B86AK ++ dhc
5/1947 B105AJ dhc
7/1947 B134BH ++ dhc
7/1947 B136BH ++ dhc
1/1948 B190CF ++ dhc
10/1949 B82FV ++ dhc
7/1950 B74HR ++ dhc
9/1950 B189HP ++ dhc
2/1951 B161JN ++ dhc
3/1951 B190BH ++ fhc
(originally a 1947 Standard Steel Sports Saloon; re- bodied by Graber and presumably the 1951 Geneva Show Car)
7/1951 B214JO ++ fhc
12/1951 B146MD fhc
12/1951 B182MD ++ dhc
4/1952 B190MD ++ fhc
(later altered into a cabriolet)
5/1952 B188MD ++ dhc
6/1952 B184MD fhc
9/1952 B192MD ++ dhc
(a set of photos exists which show an additional rhd Bentley Mark VI with dhc body by Graber; this car was registered BL 3053 (CH) and built in 1952 to the order of Mr. Stürm of Muttenz)
7/1953 B74NZ ++ dhc

++ denotes that the car still exists

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